“A Martian Sends A Postcard Home” by Craig Raine Essay

In â€Å"A Martian Sends a Postcard Home,† Craig Raine uses many metaphors to describe what a Martian would see if he came to earth. In the first stanza Raine uses metaphors to describe what a Martian may think a book looks like. Raine makes reference to William Caxton, who was the first to print books in England, in the first stanza; â€Å"Caxtons are mechanical birds with many wings / and some are treasured for their markings. A book would resemble a bird when opened, the wings being the many pages, and many books have marked a spot in history or is cherished by the person reading it. In the next four lines the Martian observes the different emotions one may have while reading a â€Å"mechanical bird,† and although he’s never witnessed one actually flying, which is impossible, he notices that they are sometimes in someone’s hand. In stanzas five and six the Martian is trying to explain fog. â€Å"Rain is when the earth is television / It has the proper ty of making colours darker,† meaning when the colors are changed on a television the picture would look unclear, and cloudy even. Raine simply describes a car as a â€Å"Model T,† in the next two stanzas. Explaining a car to be â€Å"a room with the lock inside,† is a very imaginative metaphor. By writing â€Å"But time is tied to the wrist / or kept in a box, ticking with impatience,† Raine is expressing that the Martian is encountering a watch or a clock. In stanzas ten through twelve the Martian has come upon a telephone, which he describes as a â€Å"haunted apparatus,† which usually â€Å"sleeps,† and cries, or rings until it is picked up. Raine also adds the element of humor to the poem, an example is in the twelfth stanza when he writes, â€Å"And yet they wake it up / deliberately, by tickling with a finger.† The Martian believes that humans â€Å"tickle† the keypad with their fingers, when they’re making a call. â€Å"A punishment room / with water but nothing to eat,† is a bathroom. The Martian observes that â€Å"Only the young are allowed to suffer openly,† which is really when I child would be getting their diaper changed, and adults must be alone when they go to the â€Å"punishment room.† Finally, in the last two stanzas the Martian is describing the nighttime routine of humans, â€Å"At night when all the colours die / they hide in pairs / and read about themselves / in colour, with their eyes shut,† in other words at the end of the day humans close their eyes to fall asleep and dream. This poem uses a multiple metaphors to describe what a Martian would  encounter if he visited Earth. The poem is interesting to read because it requires the reader to use their imagination, the reader must think in order to figure out these everyday things the Martian is seeing for the first time, it’s somewhat of a brainteaser. It’s obvious that the Martian is seeing these things for the first time, it makes the reader wonder why a simple thing such as a watch or a clock is not found on his planet, is time insignificant were he’s from?

Agriculture, Solution to Nigerian economy Essay

Agriculture is one of Nigeria’s most powerful tools in addressing its goals of creating more employment, better public health, and greater economic growth. The transformation of agriculture would stimulate small- and medium-sized industries that are in fact the engine of economic growth. The need to focus on agriculture stems from the fact that the sector accounts for 70 per cent of the people in the rural areas, the growing demand for food and, more importantly, the about 44 per cent contribution of agriculture to Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In order to achieve economic transformation, it would require more investments in agricultural research and development and the development of infrastructure. Nigeria needs to build its defence against biological threats to crops just as is being done for the military. Agriculture in Nigeria in recent decades has been a neglected sector and the gains have been constrained by weak institutions and inadequate infrastructu re. These constraints are well known, less known are the limited application of technologies, the low skill base in the sector, and its aging population. The young are fleeing rural areas and the production side of the sector. Similarly, financial institutions view the agricultural sector as risky addressing and so it receives a very small portion of commercial credit. Getting the young interested in agriculture and developing a supportive financial system to facilitate the access of farmers, traders, and processors to credit could go a long way in several national needs. Effort should be made in Nigeria to depend less on development partners, to move from comparative agricultural production to competitive production, to improve human capital, and to tap into the vast human resources available – the youths – for development. Government should also make efforts in repositioning agriculture as a prime mover for Nigeria’s growth and development. The transformation of ag riculture would bring many benefits to the country. Such benefits could include the reduction in the level of unemployment and conservation of foreign exchange, among others.

Built facilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Built facilities - Essay Example The specificity of this new technology is bound to influence design, construction and maintenance of the building process. The following sections illustrate how information technology is dominating over this process and going to dominate in the coming years. Architectural Design Architecture is an art of modeling of the human environment, and designing of behavior of people from the same environment, through a functional organization of space and form of elements of objects and system via creative composition and color. Inspiration plays an important role in architectural art of modeling. An architectural design seeks for newer and amazing forms and shapes of the objects. Shape and form are part of architectural style. It is a set of core features and attributes of the specific time and place. It reveals specific detail of its functional, constructive, and the artistic form of a particular period of human civilization. The foundation of architectural design is the shape and form. Unt il the advent of digital technology architects could only use Euclidean geometrical figures to develop the shape and form of the facility. Digital technology helped architects go beyond the Euclidean geometry. Architectural design process uses the latest technical achievements as tools. It happened during the industrial revolution, and it is happening now. ... Standardization gave birth to mass customization, which is now getting replaced by mass production with non-standard complex designs based on non-Euclidean geometries. In architecture, digital age has brought a new design approach and it is called parametric design approach. This new approach is going to influence architectural design process for coming years. Only advent of digital technology made architects possible to implement parametric design method. Various programs used as tools for parametric design method are developed using the concept of disciplines like mathematics, topological geometry, and curvilinearity, morphogenetic, and biomorphic. The concept of parametric design approach is embedded in creating a model of geometric elements describing and controlling their relationship in such a way that any change in one element brings changes to all other elements. Parametric design method uses geometric model whose geometry is a function of a finite number of parameters. Param eters of the elements and their spatial relationships constitute the model. It helps architects to generate a variety of building shapes within a short term and exclude basic mistakes. The essence of parametric design constitutes in creating a mathematical model for structurally homogeneous products, and then with the help of a defined set of dimensional parameters, the structural configuration and spatial arrangement of elements of the system are changed through an algorithm. This new advances in design process are reshaping today’s architecture laying foundation of architectural design of coming years. The architect can incorporate the geometrical design data numerically with the environment and study

Questionaire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Questionaire - Essay Example of the world, but then, many articles and reports provide the fact that big countries like USA, do not have a public insurance for majority of their people. In reality there comes uncountable advertisements and news regarding the several insurance companies and policies for health care, but those who need to get benefit does not really get it in majority. This shows that the administration has some drawbacks or to be more precise only a partial action has been taken by the authorities. The talk concerning how to reduce the expenditure for health care among the individual and the group under the health care services provided by public and private authority still continues. There has been a lot of development seen in the field of computers and wireless technology. The system of wireless health care services helps a lot in reducing the expenses to some extent by making arrangements such as fixing the Appointment for the patients, reminding the dates by sending SMS, and these gradually reduces the cost of medical expenses. The provisions of certain Health Care software, and the availability of Health Care consultants, Health Care Service Providers, help a lot in reducing the expenditure for he patients. The health insurance also helps a lot during emergency times. Though the premium rates have to be given in correct time, the effect of the insurance seems to be really worth during more expenses. The health care is usually financed by public and private authority in general. For example the â€Å"Medicare† and the â€Å"Medicaid† set to meet the health care expenses for the aged and the poor respectively. The process of Universal Health Care system which is funded by the tax revenue has two way payment system â€Å"single-payer† and â€Å"multi-payer†. The single payer is government run organization, which acts as the payer and it saves money. The multi-payer system runs with the joint venture of the public as well as private sectors as payer. introduced by the

Consumer protection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer protection - Research Paper Example Unfortunately, some of the ways whereby businesses affect society tend to be negative, leading to governments putting limitations to these activities by using the law; for instances, there are some business activities are harmful to the environment (Fernando 2011, p.10). Introduction Consumers tend to play an extremely critical role in business, in fact, it is impossible to undertake any business without the presence of consumers. Unfortunately, the majority of businesses do exploit their consumers by providing them with faulty products. Therefore, it is necessary to protect consumers. The excellent news is that, there are regulations passed by governments with the intention of protecting consumers from these unscrupulous traders. Therefore, this essay endeavors to examine how consumers get protected, while, at the same time, using DSGi as a case study so as to understand these regulations (Connor 2006, p.13). Businesses tend to interact with the ample society they happen to be a par t of; due to this, businesses get affected by society, for instance the society’s expectations on the types of goods, as well as services to be produced. On the other hand, businesses affect society by means of their activities; therefore, this ends up being a two-way process. ... tations; for instance, although it is legal to dismiss workers for some actions like being ignorant of a written warning, society might have the perception that the sacking is irrational, thereby leading to the business feeling pressured not to do it (Fernando 2011, p.15). In order to necessitate the interaction between businesses and the society, there is a need to adhere to ethical behavior. Ethics refers to the field of philosophy studying systems, standards, or values that differentiate between what is acceptable from unscrupulous or right from wrong. Business ethics has concentrates on exploring conduct, along with policies, while promoting proper conduct and policies in the framework of commercial enterprise, at the level of individual and organizational. Business ethics deals with all levels of business activity, comprising of the obligations, together with responsibilities of businesses unto the environment, customers, other businesses, employees, and national, as well as mul tinational governments. Apparently, businesses have in most cases been ethical to the point that their owners, as well as their managers, have had an interest in ethical behavior although sometimes remarkably little. However, presently, there is new, along with a strong interest from developing businesses within ethical behavior, particularly in large MNCs operating within distinctive societies with distinctive ethical standards. There are a number of businesses that go a step further in employing professional philosophers for helping them in understanding the ethical outcomes of their behavior. The primary reason for this happens to be the fact that the society at large gets extremely interested in ethical behavior while the society has immense expectations of businesses (Cartwright 2001,

Philosophy of Science is about as Useful to Scientists as Ornithology Essay

Philosophy of Science is about as Useful to Scientists as Ornithology is to Birds - Essay Example Philosophers tend to question why things happen the way they do. Science is a field that establishes answers to the questionings from philosophy. According to Feynman, the philosophy of science is an aspect that helps scientists in immense ways although the scientist may never understand the ways in which it does all these. Feynman, as a physician believed in the empirical calculations of science and did not understand the philosophy surrounding science. However, his analogy gives scientists the impetus to analyze the importance of philosophy to science. There is a probability that philosophy contributes a whole lot to science but scientists do not notice. On the other hand, it would be rational to analyze how the two fields interrelate. Many scientists do not believe in philosophy today. This is contrary to what used to be the case before. Many scientists of the old times merged philosophy and science. In the old times, scientists combined science, philosophy, and theology. In the l ife of a scientist today, experimental evidence is fundamental to prove any theory right. Scientists need to understand and define methodologies that lead to a conclusion. Philosophy applies reasoning and rationality and is not an option for many scientists today. It is worth noting that most of scientific breakthroughs started as philosophical enquiries in the past. Pioneers in science found philosophy a worthwhile field and gave it some consideration as a field that could offer insights on nature (Lange, 2007:33). Albert Einstein is a good example of scientists who attached value to philosophy. In one of early books, Einstein argued that everyone should apply philosophy. Some philosophers argue that scientists should adopt... Science and philosophy are two academic fields that seek to establish new knowledge and validate it to pass for the truth. Philosophy does the bigger part of validation and considers empirical; science as a source of information. Some scientists in the past have given philosophy a dismissal because of its lack of substantial evidence. A clear understanding of the two fields will help an individual realize the worth and role of philosophy. The two fields gather knowledge and qualify it as truth using different methods. Scientists should not expect philosophers to dwell on empirical calculations because philosophy as a field uses rationality and logic. On the other hand, science must use experiments and empirical data to ascertain its findings. The two fields may incline on the same issues but they tackle them differently. Philosophy of science plays a bigger role than Feynman claimed. Some critics argue that he contributed to physical philosophy although he did not acknowledge it. Fey nman and his supporters overlooked the importance of philosophy. Underrating philosophy lacks justification because a close examination of its role indicates that it contributes greatly to science. The example of the contributions of philosophy of biology is an illustration that philosophy of science and science can complement each other.

Retail brands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Retail brands - Essay Example Consumer retailing is one of the major aspects of marketing prevalent in the present age of growing competition. Modern day retailing has evolved from family run businesses to multinational organizations like Wal-Mart and TESCO which run operations across numerous regions of the globe. The statement â€Å"Retail brands are about more than just putting your name on products† has far reaching influence on the business prospects and strategies of retail organizations. The statement assumes greater importance in the wake of growing competition which has been characterised by the advent of globalisation where corporate organizations are trying to reach out to consumer breaching geographical boundaries. This has enhanced the nature of competition among the existing firms with regards to acquiring customers. Branding is one of the most important aspects that are considered by consumers while evaluating the stores with regards to the purchase of goods and services. Retailers are there fore making considerable efforts in building up a brand image of their products in the market. Branding has a large implication of the purchase decision of the consumers which has prompted corporate organizations to formulate policies so as to have a strong brand image to position their brands in the minds of the customers.A research report states that the brand value of a retail store is determined to a large extent by the brand image of the products available in the retail store. Private labels have also begun to play an important role in the brand image of the retail store (Cullen & Whelan, 1997, p.906-907). A report published in the International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management states the example of fashion retailers in UK where the market players have effectively used branding strategies to segregate themselves in the tough and competitive UK market. The report also states the role of private labels apart from the national brands as means to enhance the brand image of their stores in the minds of the consumers. Private labels have a greater impact on the brand image of the retail store as they bear the name of the retail store. This generates greater importance for these products with regards to branding. It is important for the retailers to ensure that the product mix of the private labels or the products bearing the brand name of the retail store matches with the branding strategies of the retail outlet. The report also lays down a set of criterions that must be taken into consideration by the retail outlets with regards to branding strategies. Firstly, the retailer should analyse whether the customer is able to dissociate the private label brand with the main competitors of the product. Secondly, the firm also has to analyse whether the brand has an image that can help it to command a premium market share or the value for money segment. Thirdly, marketers have to analyse whether the private label brand can be sold as a distinct product from the shelves of other retailers as well. Finally the firm must also be able to analyse whether the private label brand offers considerable brand value to the consumers. The report states that it is essential for organizations to effectively analyse the above stated sets of criterions before launching a private label brand (Birtwistle & Freathy, 1998, p.318, 319). According to a study conducted by Burt and Encinas (2000), the aspect of branding of individual products by the retailers also assumes considerable significance with regards to international expansion. The advent of globalisation and emergence of developing markets like India and China have made it highly profitable for retailers to set up shops in these nations. The authors point out that brand image of a retailer

Legal issues in Hydraulic Fracturing Term Paper

Legal issues in Hydraulic Fracturing - Term Paper Example ation of conduits through which gas that comes from the original rocks get to move to the rocks that are non-porous and thus allowing the storage of this oil to get accessed later. In the process of Hydraulic Fractioning, one of the major aspects to observe is that water supplies may get exhausted and thus the importance of having the process in steps which is convenient to save on water. Steel surfaces are aligned along the water pipes in an effort to protect the natural water from being made impure. These steel surfaces are immersed to as deep as 4000 feet and for the least distance as 1000 feet for increased protection. From there, cement is poured into the space between the annulus which is the drilled hole and the casing. After the settling of the cement, there is then the drilling part which is done from below for precision and to get it to the next depth. This is done several times and each time that this is done there is the usage of narrower pipes that ensure that oil from as deep as 10000 feet is got to. There exists a rather large difference between oil and gas fractioning. Gas fractioning is a process that involves different procedures and it goes by the name Fracking. This method involves the removal of gas for extraction to exterior reservoirs. A wellbore from underneath is drilled to create more space for reserve. As opposed to this method, Oil fractioning involves the use of internal reservoirs and thus the process is short. Hydraulic Fractioning has existed in the United States for around the past 63 years. In the course of time, there have been complains concerning the levels of safety that this method of obtaining oil has. It was from there henceforth that the Federal Government sought to engage in debates on the issue and have ever existed. The Environmental Protection Agency has the responsibility of ensuring that citizens of the country are safe from different products that companies manufacture. The agency has over the years carried out

Meaning of Life and Success Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Success Essay The most important thing in my life is thought to be happiness. In order to achieve success you must adjust to very situation with ease. Success is it the process of doing a task and receiving a positive result, or is it simply achieving one’s own personal goals. According to The American Heritage dictionary success is, â€Å"the achievement of something desired, planned, or attempt†. The word success itself means to achieve your goal or get the point that you looking for. Some people success meant to them to be rich or to finish school and work high pay jobs. But for me success means more than that. Success means to me have peace and love; also to get married and to enter heaven after this life is over. To be sure, everybody who has peace and love is a successful succeeding person. Without peace and love there is no success. You wake up in the morning and you don’t worry about anything that day; that is success for me, because the life is short, you don’t have to be concerned about anything. Also if you have a family that loves you and is always happy for what you are doing, that is success. In addition, if you take care of your old parents and they love you and they live a happy life, which is success for me. Additionally, success is also something that is viewed differently in the eyes of everyone. This is because success means doing what I have always wanted do being where I have always wanted to be. My goal in life is to eventually get married to a good wife and have many happy children and if I accomplished that, then I could view myself as having success. Lastly, meaning of success for me is to enter the heaven after this life is over. We know that life in this world is too short, and we don’t know when we are going to die and what we are going to get after this life. That is a simple answer; do good deeds in this world and you are going to be successful in the life hereafter. That means you enter the heaven for sure and that is big reward from God to his mankind. There is no dying after this life; that means if you don’t enter the heaven you will be the loser and who ever go in the heaven will be the winner. In conclusion, I still agree with the idea I presented: however according to the dictionary and many other resources, success means to them achievement. But according to my own opinion success means to believe the ones of God, and to have peace and love in your whole life, and to get in heaven the life hereafter.

Story About DeGeneres Essay Example for Free

Story About DeGeneres Essay In 1958, DeGeneres was born in Metairie, Louisiana. She was born the daughter of an insurance salesmen named Elliot, and a working mother, Betty, who soon divorced when DeGeneres was a teenager (â€Å"Ellen DeGeneres†, U*X*L). After the divorce, Degeneres and her mother moved to Atlanta. There, DeGeneres found her mother getting sadder and sadder. So she turned to comedy in trying to cheer her mother up (â€Å"Ellen DeGeneres†, U*X*L). As DeGeneres grew older, she has waited tables, sold vacuum cleaners, worked as a legal secretary, and even painted houses (â€Å"Ellen DeGeneres†, Newsmakers. ) DeGeneres wanted to be a veterinarian, but she was â€Å"not book smart† (â€Å"Ellen DeGeneres†, U*X*L). In 1982, she took the stage for the first time at the local coffee shop (â€Å"DeGeneres, Ellen† 1958). Later that year, she entered Showtime’s Funniest Person In America contest, and won (â€Å"DeGeneres, Ellen† 1958). That helped start her career, but the real springboard into stardom was when she went on The Tonight Show, and Johnny Carson called her over to his couch. see more:essay about growing up She was the first women in history to be invited to sit on the famed couch on her first visit (â€Å"DeGeneres, Ellen† 1958). In 1994, she was offered her own sitcom by ABC, called These Friends of Mine, but for the second season, was renamed Ellen (â€Å"DeGeneres, Ellen† 1958). DeGeneres came out of the closet through her sitcom, and quickly became a leader and role model in the L.G.B.T community. Since Ellen went off the air, DeGeneres has been in multiple movies, and has even gotten her own syndicated, award winning talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show. But her real success is overcoming adversity, and achieving her dreams against all odds. One thing that really influenced DeGeneres’ American Dream is where she grew up, Louisiana. I rode my bike everywhere. All over the campus [of Newcomb College]. All over uptown. You know, people can grow up in New Orleans without realizing how unique a city it is. I remember thinking that it was a really neat place. ( "DeGeneres, Ellen†, UXL Newsmakers). She gives much credit to the fact that her mother raised her and her brother Vance single handedly in the city of New Orleans. Also, one of the first times DeGeneres got into comedy was after her parents divorce. My mother was going through  some really hard times and I could see when she was really getting down, and I would start to make fun of her dancing, DeGeneres remembered. Then shed start to laugh and Id make fun of her laughing. And shed laugh so hard shed start to cry, and then Id make fun of that (â€Å"DeGeneres, Ellen†, UXL Newsmakers). Now that DeGeneres has a â€Å"voice† that people will listen to, she strives to make the world a better place. At the end of every episode of her talk show, she says â€Å"Be kind to one another†. Also, she is an advocate for marriage equality, even though her and her wife, Portia De Rossi, are already married. And if anyone is trying to do anything to better the world we live in, Ellen likes to make them known, and tries to help them any way she can. Towards the end of the second season of the sitcom Ellen, DeGeneres cam out of the closet, both on the show, and in real life. It was widely rumored and talked about, she was the canter of a huge, nasty, media storm. When the episode finally aired, the â€Å"storm† only got bigger. She appeared on talk shows, and finally, on The Oprah Winfrey Show she told her reasoning for everything she had done. After that interview, her fans started to take sides. Some stayed by her side, while others grew adamantly against her and her actions. She was even dubbed â€Å"Ellen The Generate† While she has more fans then ever now, there are still some people who despise her (â€Å"DeGeneres, Ellen†, UXL Newsmakers). Another obstacle that hindered DeGeneres, is the facet that she never went to college. When you ask people what their definition of the American Dream is, a common theme is wanting to go to college. DeGeneres had that same dream at one point, but it never worked out. She had dreams to be a veterinarian, but she is quoted as saying that she is not â€Å"book smart† (â€Å"Ellen DeGeneres. U*X*L). In today’s society, it is the mindset of the people that without a college degree, you will be a nobody, a worthless bum on the streets. And that is what DeGeneres believed, until she entered the Funniest Person in America contest (â€Å"DeGeneres, Ellen 1958). From winning that contest, she got her chance on The Tonight Show. Then suddenly, the various little jobs were no more, and she was launched into stardom. And all of that is just another example of how DeGeneres overcame adversity, social stigmas, and all the odds to achieve her dreams, even if it wasn’t in the w ay she thought. DeGeneres has had her share of hatred thrown her way. But she has managed to endure all of it, and she is in a place to help people everyday, and he  seizes that opportunity. While we still do not have marriage equality in all 50 states, she is still pretty far along in achieving her American Dream. But she is always fighting, because in 1998, Degeneres was awarded the â€Å"Stephen F. Kolzak Award† by the â€Å"Gay and Lesbian Alliance against Defamation (GLAAD)† for being an open celebrity who battles homophobia (Pettigrew, Emily). And even though she never went to college, she is glad to help encourage the young minds of America. When DeGeneres gave the commencement speech at Tulane University, she said this, â€Å"When I was younger I thought Success was something different. I thought, â€Å"When I grow up, I want to be famous. I want to be a star. I want to be in movies. When I grow up I want to see the world, drive nice cars. I want to have groupies†. Bu t my idea of success is different today. For me, the most important thing in your life is to live your life with integrity and not to give into peer pressure, to try to be something that you’re not. To live your life as an honest and compassionate person. To contribute in some way† (Moncur).

Racial discrimination and colonization in literature

Racial discrimination and colonization in literature Frantz Fanon once wrote, â€Å"Colonialism hardly ever exploits the whole country. It contents itself with bringing to light the natural resources, which it extracts and exports to meet the needs of mother country’s industries, thereby allowing certain sectors of the colony to become relatively rich. But the rest of the colony follows its path of under development and poverty or at all events sinks into it more deeply.† The term â€Å"Postcolonialism† refers broadly to the ways in which race, ethnicity, culture, and human identity itself are represented in the modern era, after many colonized countries earned their independence. However, some critics use the term to refer to all culture and cultural products influenced by imperialism from the moment of colonization until today. A work by postcolonial writer attempts at describing the interactions between European nations and the people they colonized. A post colonial reading reveals the characters racism and dis criminatory attitude that drives their action. A post colonial prospective presents a discourse describing an attempt of assimilation of a black man into a white society. One of the major characteristics of the principle of human rights is the fact that each and every human being was born free with equal rights and dignity. Hounding and favoritism of human beings based on ethnicity and race are violations that are very clearly going against this fundamental principle. Discrimination based on race can assume several forms, from the institutional discrimination and severe discrimination to other forms that are covert whereby certain ethnic and racial groups are barred from enjoying similar cultural, political, civil, economic and social rights as other classes of people in the same society. Postcolonial literature is something that cannot be bound by time. Post colonial studies especially theories cannot be made obligatory. It must be properly disseminated and assimilated before it can ever begin to address the issue of the complex cultural investment. The postcolonial literature reveals the characters racism and discriminatory attitude that drives the ir action. It prevails since the time of Shakespeare. Postcolonial Shakespeare for most of the people, means a little evincing an interest in the moor but there are certain specific Shakespearean text that are thought to lend themselves to post colonial reading because of their obvious engagement with the colonial issues of racial and cultural otherness. Tempest and Othello have received this status of most favored text by Shakespeare of the postcolonial label. In Othello, the postcolonial perspective presents a discourse describing an attempt of assimilation of a black man into a while society by marrying a white woman but by the end of the play the protagonist is stripped off from his white construct and is reduced back to the traditional role of a â€Å"moor†. Similarly Shakespeare’s Tempest, is considered a central work in postcolonial theory. It is thought to be, by some critics as an early postcolonial work. Many colonial theorists and critics tend to focus on th e character of Caliban as their centre of discussion. According to the critics, Caliban has been tied to the west’s image of the native people often described as bizarre in their appearance. The natives according to the colonizers are dehumanized and are considered one with nature, similar to that of Caliban’s character in Shakespeare’s Tempest. His character is also easily fooled and intoxicated by the Europeans. Such is the way the colonizers perceive the natives. It is mentioned by theorist Edward Said that the colonizers always considered themselves superior and considered the natives as â€Å"the others†. Racial discrimination has been rampant for many centuries, post colonial literature mainly focuses upon this segment in their discussion. Not only were the Europeans dominating over the natives physically but they also worked at erasing their cultural identity and their past in order to implant their own cultural customs. Racial discrimination is a theme that runs throughout postcolonial discourse, as white Europeans consistently emphasized their superiority over darker-skinned people. This was most evident in South Africa, whose policy of apartheid was institutionalized in national laws. Nadine Gordimer’s novel My Son’s Story is a brilliant example of the trials and tribulations of racially discriminated people. In her novel, Gordimer presents how a black family struggles to survive in a white dominated society. One of the main attractions of the plot is the character of Sonny. It’s his desperation to be one of the white people that sets Gordimer’s story apart from the rest. The character of Sonny has an affair with a white woman Hannah. Through this affair the mere logic of Edward Said is proven, the fact that the white masses dominated over the natives by rearranging their ideology and setting it in such a way that it perceives the white people as their superior in every sense. By Sonny’s affair with Hannah and his obsession with Shakespeare it is proved that his ideology was programmed in such a way that his attraction towards Hannah and Shakespeare are hints of him wanting to be one of the white masses. Unlike Gordimer’s My Son’s Story, there are other novels regarding racial discrimination that present the natives as â€Å"the other† and set the white colonizers as people with superior intellect. Although ironically in each of these novel their lies a hint of destruction that is caused by this very superior intellectual group of people and it is the natives who are represented with humanity. One such work of art is Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, that represents the natives from the view point of the colonizers. Although it is debated whether Conrad wrote it as a criticism to the colonizers or the natives. Heart of Darkness truly is deserving of its title name. The darkness that is emphasized in the title not only talks about the darkness of the region but the darkness that exists in the heart of the colonizers. The novel depicts some soul shattering images of the natives being tortured and chained by the colonizers. The novel beautifully narrates th e plight of the natives and depicts how the colonizers viewed them. Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart is another exemplary example of colonial racial discrimination. Achebe’s novel emphasizes Edward Said’s Orientalist theories, about how the colonizers dominated over the natives by implanting the colonial ideological thinking into the natives. The plot depicts how the natives are made to give up their own culture and customs and follow the colonial way of living. Achebe depicts in his novel how the things fall apart for the natives and their colony, how the natives are driven away from their own sense of identity and individuality. The concept of losing one’s identity has also been taken up by Derek Walcott in his poem The Sea is History. His poem talks about how the natives are clueless about their history, their roots and their identity. The poem depicts the native’s plight of not knowing their past and thus being unaware of their sense of identity. Discrimination was mainly done on the basis of colour, and one of the ways to dominate over the natives was to erase their sense of identity by dominating over their ideology. Since many of the natives culture was in form of orator and not written, it was fairly easy for the colonizers to establish their upper hand over the natives. Some other works that depicts racial discrimination are Coetzee’s novels Waiting for the Barbarians (1982), which is set in an imaginary empire not unlike South Africa, utilizes postmodern strategies and tactics to foreground their status as works of fiction, while at the same time suggesting a political posture t owards a real place and policy, which is, South African apartheid. Also, Salman Rushdie’s novel Midnight’s Children(1981), Michael Ondaatje’s novel The English Patient (1992), Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth (1961), Jamaica Kincaid’s A Small Place (1988), Isabelle Allende’s The House of the Spirits (1982), J. M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace (1990), Derek Walcott’s Omeros (1990), and Eavan Boland’s Outside History. Two essays that are worth mentioning in this particular genre are: Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin. White Masks and Ngugi Wa Thiongo’s Decolonising the mind. â€Å"When people like me, they like me in spite of my colour. When they dislike me; they point out that it isnt because of my colour. Either way, I am locked into the infernal circle.† This line of Frantz Fanon, a French psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary and writer, speaks about how he has been victimized by the same hard blow of hatred by white people. He believed that there is a paralytic judiciary system of whites towards the black. Franz Fanon gives utmost importance to the phenomenon of language. He said, â€Å"White men always claim to posses all knowledge of the world and believe in hallucinating black, because of their own means.† In his book Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon talks about how black race faces the lack of judgment in society and is always abolished out of societal virtues (Fanon, 1967 ). In another book on Colour Prejudice, he begins with the duality in the behavior of a black man towards a white man and towards another black man. His opposition towards such discrimination and racist factor was so strong that it compelled other revolutionaries to take a stand against such injustice firmly. Perceptions as far as the minorities are concerned, which specify that they are weak and inferior are usually planted in the minds of people from the majority group in their early stages of development. The minority group of people, in other words, the racially discriminated people are made to believe such perceptions by their parents, teachers and the society in which they grow in.Racism involves a set of actions or beliefs that considers an individual or a class of people to be inferior as compared to another individual or a class of people, due to their appearance physically, such as their skin color. These are perceptions that are fed in the minds of people and they usually have a lot of negative impacts on the individuals or group of people being considered to be inferior. One of the ways through which, ill-treatment and narrow mindedness against the minority can be eliminated is by reversing such unfounded perceptions. This can be done through increased awareness that all peop le are the same and those simple differences such as height or skin color cannot be adequate reasons for treating some people as less equals as the others and thus oppressed and exploited. The individuals that are racists are simply the product of a society that sponsors and encourages the vice in one way or another. In order to change such a society, there is need for both political and legal change to be shadowed. Politically, the interests of the minority should be well addressed and this can be done through increasing the political representation of the groups facing discrimination. Laws that are aimed at protecting the rights of the minority should be enacted so that anyone violating these rights is to be dealt with severe punishment. The minorities themselves have also a role to play in ending prejudice and discrimination against them. They should ensure that they are in the forefront in the campaign against oppression, prejudice and discrimination along racial lines. As African Americans place in today’s new age society has changed over the centuries and along with it so has the focus of African-American literature. Before theAmerican Civil War, the literature primarily consisted of memoirs by people who had escaped from slavery; the genre ofslave narrativescomprised accounts of life in slavery and the path of justice and redemption to freedom. There was an early peculiarity between the literature of freed slaves and the literature of free blacks who had been born in the North. Free blacks had to express their oppression in a dissimilar narrative form. Free blacks in the North often spoke out against slavery and racial injustices using the spiritual narrative. The spiritual addressed many of the same themes of slave narratives, but has been largely ignored in current scholarly conversation. At the turn of the 20th century, non-fiction works by authors such as  W. E. B. Du Bois  and  Booker T. Washington  debated whether to confron t or appease racist attitudes in the United States. During the  American Civil Rights movement, authors such as  Richard Wright  and  Gwendolyn Brooks  wrote about issues of  racial segregation  and  black nationalism. Today, African-American literature has become recognized as an integral part of  American literature, with books such as  Roots: The Saga of an American Family  by  Alex Haley,  The Color Purple(1982) by  Alice Walker, which won the  Pulitzer Prize; and  Beloved  by Toni Morrison achieving both best-selling and award-winning status. Bernice McFadden quoted, â€Å"Dont you know sugar is brown first? White folks couldnt stand the fact that something so sweet shared the same color as the people who cut the cane, slopped the hogs and picked the cotton. So they bleached it to resemble them, and now they have gone and fooled everybody. You included.† Decolonizing a person’s mind is quite difficult to do because it cannot be done. Once the natives have been colonized for certain time period the colonizers history merges with that of the natives. Aijaz Ahmed in his essay wrote that when India was colonized by the British, their language that they shared with the natives became a part of the Indian culture and if the natives wish to ignore that culture in order to decolonize their minds, they are unintentionally discarding a part of their own culture. Doing so, will not accomplish anything and it will only end up fogging the sense of identity in the natives. According to Ngugi Wa Thiongo, in his essay Deco lonizing the mind he writes that, The oppressed and the downtrodden of the earth preserve their rebelliousness: liberty from robbery. However the prevalent weapon wielded and actually daily set free by the imperialism against that combined disobedience is the cultural attack. The effect of a cultural bomb is to destroy people’s faith in their religion, in their speech, in their surroundings, in their inheritance of great efforts , in their harmony, in their capability and eventually in themselves. It makes them want to recognize with that which is furthest detached from themselves; for example, with other peoples’ languages other than their own. It makes them categorize with that which is immoral and backward-looking, all those forces which would end their own life. It even grows chain of doubts about the ethical aptness of struggle. Possibilities of success or conquest are seen as unreachable, unreasonable dreams. The intended results are despair, hopelessness and a c ollective death wish. Amidst this wasteland which it has created, imperialism presents itself as the restore to health and demands that the dependant sing hymns of praise with the regular refrain: ‘theft is holy’. Indeed, this refrain sums up the new statement of belief of the neo colonial bourgeoisie in many independent African states. The classes fighting against imperialism even in its neo-colonial stage and form and have to tackle this threat with the higher and more creative culture of unyielding struggle. These classes have to wield even more firmly the weapons of the struggle contained in their cultures. They have to speak the united language of struggle enclosed in each of their languages. They must discover their various tongues to sing the song: A people united can never be defeated. We have a black president in U.S now , but does it mean that we are witnessing a post racial America ? The answer is no. Present day America is more racially polarized .Racial violence is on the rise. Black people can never realize their potential and goals, unless the thinking of White colonizers is reconceptualized and perceived afresh by which I mean a change in the way the White people perceive their identity vis a vis their country .This reconceptualization is something which Baldwin tries to do in The Fire Next Time. He stresses the importance of mediating one’s own identity and necessity to move away from white mediums of representation. He aims at flipping the power equations and to invert the hierarchies. Going by this vision, it is the white man who is in shackles (trapped in history), who needs to be free for the black people to be free (Baldwin, 1963 ) . Though he is offering a paradigm shift in the sense that he is offering a conception of White men in nonwhite terms, yet he does not do away with the entire idea of the white and the black. White colonizers need to stop seeing each other through the lens of race/colour but as equals.

Human Resource Leadership - Worker Retention Programs Essay -- essays

Human Resources Leadership (Team 4)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Worker Retentions Program Waiwah Ellison Norma Gladhill Daniel Lewis Rachel Luce Angelica Player Lori Ruskey Abstract All organizations want to see an increase in productivity and a positive impact on the bottom line. Successful organizations realize employee retention and talent management is integral to sustaining their leadership and growth in the market place. The focus of this group project is on worker retention strategies. Worker retention strategies are programs designed to preserve existing quality workers by providing benefits and incentives. These benefits and incentives are provided to employees in various ways. Our group chose to explore six organizations in three different industries. These industries include Retail, Package shipping, and Airlines. Through research and investigation of three major industries we were able to develop a comparison of how these major organizations retain quality workers. First, we explore and learn how to keep people motivate to stop turnover within an organization. Secondly, we investigate employer’s benefits and incentive programs to keep quality employees. Finally, we examine workforce motivation and the engagement to commitment as organizations continually change initiatives and strategic planning. TARGET VS. WALMART Target and Wal-Mart have many similarities on their retention programs. Despite the difference in the size of their companies, they are both large enough to allow their employees to switch career paths within their own organization. Wal-Mart offers its employees different opportunities in many diverse department of the huge operation. They are retail, real estate, public policy, merchandising, logistics, IT, marketing, and advertising. Target offers similar areas of careers within the organization. Many other motivation tools are used for both Target and Wal-Mart to keep their employees happily employed. Merit increases in pay based on company performance are used almost the exact same way in both companies. They both have annual increase that depends on individual performance and company performance. Target gives its employees 25 cents per hour raise after 90 days in order to keep new employees. Holiday bonuses are offered to all Wal-Mart employees who have been with the company over one year. Gifts and ... ...e: hire only those who fit perfectly, offer great benefits, and perks. SWA has created an atmosphere that demonstrates appreciation for the employees, and has made Southwest Airlines an organization of which people are proud to be a part. Conclusion Employee retention strategies help organizations. They provide effective employee communication to improve commitment and enhance workforce support for key organization initiatives. Retention strategies build customer loyalty by distinguishing and positioning an organization’s unique products and services in today’s crowded marketplace. Economic growth and employee turnover is one of the most critical issue facing corporate leaders today. As a result there is a shortage of skilled workers. We have explored several aspects of the workforce stability. The employee retention issue continues in the face of unprecedented churning in the employment market. Human Resource Managers are provided with a wide range of tools to control employee turnover. Workforce stability can be a HR Manager’s competitive advantage in these turbulent times. This is one of the hottest topics for corporate leaders in all fields in the United States and globally.

White-Collar Crime Essay -- Crime

Businesses are vulnerable to a variety of internal and external crime that affects an organization’s performance. White-collar crime is a problem affecting businesses in the U.S. and around the world, costing billions of dollars in lost revenue every year. This paper will identify the types of employee crimes focusing on theft and the perpetrators; examine the impact to businesses and explore how business can deal with these offenses. Mr. Smith places some extra highlighters and colored paper in his briefcase from the office’s supply closet for young Billy to use on his school project. Joanne has returned to her desk a 15 minutes late from her lunch break and is now surfing the web for airfare while on the phone long distance with her ailing grandmother to discuss plans to see her next month. Leonard supplements his hourly wage from working nights at the gas station by sneaking a couple scratch-off lottery tickets off the roll when the owner isn’t around. Mrs. Sara Swindle has been defrauding union members by diverting dues for her own use. Some of these examples may not necessarily be prosecuted or even discovered but nonetheless are examples of employee theft or white-collar crime. Businesses face a myriad of internal threats for their success; the focus for this paper is theft; including theft of cash, inventory and equipment. Other types of employee crime include: writing company checks, money laundering, processing fraudulent invoices, payroll fraud, falsifying revenue reports, customer identity theft, intellectual property theft, overstated expense reports and credit card fraud (Bressler, 2011). Long before credit card fraud and identity theft, business owners dealt with theft. There is a no more clear exampl... ...activity and its impact on business. The Entrepreneurial Executive, 16, 49-61. Retrieved from http://0-search.proquest.com.oak.indwes.edu/docview/885012416?accountid=6363 Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S., Naffziger, D. W., & Hodgetts, R. M. (2000). Crime and Small Business: An Exploratory Study of Cost and Prevention Issues in U.S. Firms. Journal Of Small Business Management, 38(3), 1-13. Retrieved from http://0-web.ebscohost.com.oak.indwes.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=56e11fdb-9475-4a64-9062-e0c057beace7%40sessionmgr11&vid=21&hid=15 Larson, E. (1985, January 14). Crook's tool: Computers turn out to be valuable aid in employee crime --- machines facilitate stealing, extortion and sabotage; west coast's robin hood --- you don't trust anybody. The Wall Street Journal, p. 1. Retrieved from http://0-search.proquest.com.oak.indwes.edu/docview/397889148?accountid=6363

Exploring The Evolution Of Environmental Management Environmental Sciences Essay

Human being has accumulated environmental cognition and developed schemes for working nature. To modulate and prolong resource people use often-evolved tabu, superstitious notions and common rights, formulated Torahs to better stewardship, and for centuries some have undertaken resource stock lists. Developments evident in the late 20th century make it critical that environmental direction is got right ; these include human population growing ; planetary pollution ; loss of biodiversity ; soil debasement ; and urban growing. The challenges are great, but at that place have been progresss in understanding the construction and map of the environment, in monitoring impacts, informations handling and analysis, mold, appraisal, and planning. Environmental direction must organize and concentrate developments, to better human wellbeing, and seek to extenuate or forestall farther harm to the Earth and its beings. There are a broad scope of organic structures and professionals involved in environmental direction: authorities bureaus, international organic structures and assistance organisations ( UNEP, USAID ) and research institutes. Below are factors that motivates environmental direction: †¢ Matter-of-fact grounds – fright or common sense makes people or decision makers seek to avoid a job. †¢ Desire to salvage costs – it may be better to avoid jobs or counter them than endure the effects: pollution, species extinction, human deceases, dearly-won judicial proceeding, There may besides be advantages in waste recovery, energy preservation and keeping environmental quality. †¢ Compliance – persons, local authorities, companies, provinces and so on may be required by Torahs, national or international understanding to care for the environment. †¢ Shift in moralss – research, the media, persons or groups of militants may trip new attitudes, understandings or Torahs. †¢ Macro-economics – publicity of environmental direction may take to economic enlargement: a market for pollution control equipment, usage of cured waste, more secure and efficient energy and natural stuffs supply ; or there may be advantages in ‘internalizing outwardnesss ‘ . Most environmental directors would accept that sustainable development is one of their cardinal ends. Sustainable development is about bettering the batch of people and avoiding environmental debasement. This demands high-quality direction of the environment and human establishments, and the ability to acknowledge and avoid, extenuate or accommodate to socio-economic and physical menaces The inquiry is whether sustainable development is traveling to move merely as a steering rule or whether it can bring forth practical feasible schemes that improve human wellbeing and prevent environmental debasement. Some of developments have helped to set up environmental direction: In an increasing figure of states the populace have become environmentally cognizant and unwilling to swear authorities and corporations to protect the environment. This has mostly grown out of their witnessing accidents, abuse of resources, and from concern about ecological menaces. International bureaus, concerns and authoritiess have started to prosecute environmental direction ( NGOs, UNEP, EPA ) The media proctor and study on environmental issues. International conferences, understandings and declarations have publicized issues and supported environmental direction. The development of environmentalism and green political relations. Broadly, the chief rules of environmental direction are prudence and stewardship. These are pursued via: Advanced, broad-view policy devising and planning ( chiefly left to assorted contrivers to set about ) Establishing criterions and regulations, monitoring and scrutinizing Co-ordination ( the environmental director following a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary or holistic attack ) Operational/implementation. Some dismiss much of contemporary environmental direction as ‘environmental managerialism ‘ which pays deficient attending to human-environment interaction, has become institutionalized, and is basically a state-cantered procedure concerned with formulating and implementing Torahs, policies and ordinances which relate to the environment. Some people are sufficiently cognizant of pollution, soilrosion, over-fishing, loss of woods and other alterations in their physical milieus, and are prepared to voice concern. Environmental direction activities are frequently prompted by such people, by those monitoring developments, and besides by historiographers, archeologists, geologists and others interested in human-environment interactions and environmental alteration. Recently, the focal point has been more on how worlds affect the environment instead than on how environment affects worlds, which is unwise.The nature of environmental directionDevelopment direction has evolved ind ependently of environmental direction, but normally convergences. Development direction is basically the use of intercessions aimed at advancing development. Adopting a theatrical analogy – it has mostly been as if merely the histrions were involved, and the theater, illuming and phase attracted small concern. Peoples often resist altering environmentally detrimental life styles, or paying more for necessities or even luxury points, or through poorness is unable to make so. Many authorities and concerns have truly embraced environmental concern ; nevertheless, some are uneffective, some highjack environmental concern for their ain terminals, and other ignore environmental issues for ‘ strategic ‘ grounds. Societies, administration and jurisprudence have to germinate to back up environmental direction. Some optimistic prognosiss assume progress towards less detrimental wonts will be equal ; others are more pessimistic and, possibly realistically, think it is likely there will be ‘business-as-usual ‘ scenarios. Those seeking to pull off the environment therefore have many challenges.The procedure and ends of environmental directionEnvironmental directors make deliberate attempts to maneuver the development procedure to take advantage of chances, seek to avoid jeopardies, mitigate jobs, and prepare people for ineluctable troubles by bettering adaptability and resiliency. Environmental direction is still a comparatively immature subject, so judging how successful it has been and in what ways it should be ‘tuned ‘ to better function the quest for development is hard. Humankind has besides increased in Numberss far beyond anything in the yesteryear, which with other developments likely makes us more vulnerable than our ascendants. One cardinal undertaking of environmental direction is to cut down human exposure and better adaptability. Environmental direction seeks to better environmental stewardship by incorporating ecolog y, policy devising, planning and societal development, and whatever else is needed. Its ends include: Prolonging and, if possible, bettering bing resources The bar and declaration of environmental jobs Establishing bounds Establishing and fostering establishments that efficaciously support environmental research, monitoring and direction Warning of menaces and placing chances Where possible bettering ‘quality of life ‘ Identifying new engineering or policies that are utile.Approachs to environmental directionThere may be some convergence between groupings and within classs. Environmental directors may be more or less anthropocentric or ecocentric, more or less ‘green ‘ , more or less supportive of engineering. There is besides a broad spectrum of political and philosophical stances, all of which colour the attack adopted. 1 Ad hoc attack: attack developed in reaction to a specific state of affairs. 2 Problem-solving attack: follows a series of logical stairss to place jobs and demands and to implement solutions. 3 Systems attack: for illustration, Ecosystem ( mountain, high latitude, savanna, desert, island, lake ) Agro-ecosystem 4 Regional attack: chiefly ecological zones or biogeophysical units, which may sometimes be international ( Le. affect different provinces, e.g. an internationally shared river basin ) . For illustration, Watershed River basin Coastal zonet Island Command country development authorization ( irrigation-related ) Administrative part Sea ( Mediterranean, North Sea, Baltic, AmI Sea ) 5 Specialist subject attack, frequently adopted by professionals. For illustration: Air quality direction Water quality direction Land direction Environmental wellness Urban direction Ocean direction Human ecology attack Tourism management/ecotourism Conservation country direction. 6 Strategic environmental direction attack 7 Voluntary sector attack: environmental direction by, or encouraged and supported by, NGOs. For illustration: Debt-for-nature barters Private militias Ginger Groups which try to motivate environmental direction Private support for research or environmental direction. 8 Commercial attack: environmental direction for business/public organic structures. 9 Political economic system or political ecology attack 10 Human ecology attackSustainable developmentA end of sustainable development may be used to assist incorporate diverse involvements that would likely non otherwise co-operate. Even if it is achieved in merely a limited manner, it may however turn out to be a valuable ‘guiderail for development ‘ . There are analogues with Judgess seeking justness, citizens desiring autonomy, and philosophers and scientists prosecuting truth- the end may be elusive but attempts to make it hold to be maintained. There are a immense figure of definitions of sustainable development. It is many things: a end, a paradigm displacement, above all hard to accomplish and frequently complex. A definition, which has become good known, is: ‘to run into the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands ‘ ( World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987 ) . Most definitions stress inter-generational equity ( go throughing to future coevalss every bit much as the present enjoys ) and intra-generational equity ( sharing what there is between all groups ) .Drumhead†¢ Environmental direction is germinating and distributing. It has still to be adequately adapted to accommodate all conditions, and will go on to hold to be improved. †¢ Environmental direction demands a proactive attack to development and must incorporate closely with other subjects. †¢ Without proactive environmental direction, development is improbable to be sustainable and people will be more vulnerable to catastrophes. †¢ The universe and its resources are n't infinite, and human demands continue to increase. The ultimate end of environmental direction is to turn to this issue and to seek sustainable development. †¢ Modem worlds are more legion than at any point in the yesteryear and are less adaptable. †¢ Environmental direction has many tools to take from. These are frequently still germinating and may non be tuned to non-Western state demands and new challenges. Environmental directors have to choose suited schemes and tools best suited for a given state of affairs. †¢ A proactive attack is wise if sustainable development is a serious end, and because worlds appear to be more vulnerable than many admit.

The Company Man

Ellen Goodman’s attitude toward Phil in her column, The Company Man, comes off as a bit mocking. The use of repetition allows her to clarify her tone toward Phil even further. She conveys this attitude specifically when she uses quotations and explanations of his family members.Goodman’s constant repetition of the phrase, â€Å"He worked himself to death, finally and precisely at 3am Sunday morning,† implies her sarcastic attitude which is apparent throughout the piece. What she is trying to say is that all of the hard work he did was for nothing because he ended up dying and was totally replaceable. She clarifies her sarcastic tone in line 77 where she not only repeats he quote, â€Å"He worked himself to death at precisely 3am,† but adds â€Å"no one was really surprised.† This is saying how everybody had an idea and definitely knew that he was literally working himself to death. The worst part was that in the end it was all for nothing.Philâ€⠄¢s â€Å"survivors† consisted of his wife and three children. The eldest of his children asked the neighbors about his father and what he was like. The author uses this to imply how Phil was never there for his children because his father was always working. Another example of how Goodman exemplifies this is when she writes, â€Å"†¦but whenever she was alone with her father, in a car driving somewhere, they had nothing to say to each other. This shows how since he was never there, they didn’t really have much to bond over or talk about.Ellen Goodman mocks Phil by using dialogues of his family members and also by the use of repetition to express her attitude and tone. Her overall argument is that you should enjoy your family instead of working, literally, to death, for you never know when it might be too late. In Phil’s case, he died without achieving his desired results, which were to finally become president of his company. Goodman finally ends her colu mn with the dialogue of the company’s president, asking the workers, â€Å"Who’s been working the hardest?† a perfectly ironic closing, showing readers that Phil essentially died to make some other workaholics dreams come true.

Corn Coffee Essay

Corn ranks second to rice, not only in terms of area devoted to its production but it has been a staple food of about 20% of the total population of the Filipinos. Aside from this, the green corn, boiled or roasted, is a popular snack food and may also be cooked a vegetable or soup. Other by-products of corn include corn flour and syrup, sugar and oil. In terms of nutritive value, corn is richer source of vitamin A than polished rice. It contains high amounts of minerals such as calcium and phosphorous. Moreover, it is also a source of starch derivatives for oil, fibers and other industrial uses. Corn is raised as source of food and food products for people, livestock feed, and industrial products including ceramics, explosives, construction materials, metal molds, paints, paper goods, textiles, industrial alcohols, and ethanol. Corn is now also used to produce a healthy coffee as people nowadays are health conscious. Since corn coffee was introduced in the Manila market by the farmers of Sumilao, Bukidnon, further study about corn coffee in Region III (Central Luzon) was made since corn is abundant on the said region. Distribution of questionnaires and analysis activities conducted to determine the frequency distribution of corn coffee in the market because this is not the first to introduce corn coffee in the Philippine market especially in Manila. On the data gathered, 98% of the respondents are coffee drinkers, majority of them are young professionals, 91% of them have no knowledge about corn coffee, 88% are willing to try corn coffee and 22% have no idea what would corn coffee would taste like. With this data, Le Maiz come up on marketing strategies how to introduce and expand the corn coffee market in Region III and NCR. Corn Cafe is an alternative to coffee beans that is rich in nutrients that coffee beans can not provide. The company’s objective is to fit in and adapt to the people’s taste and preferences as well as offering diverse kinds of nutritious products. Effective marketing program and strategy would be made in order to meet the established objective. The marketing strategies will consist of flyers, radio and newspaper advertisements, trade fairs, vis-a-vis contact with customers. 10% of the gross sale will be allocated on marketing the product. On technical aspect, the production of corn coffee is simple, healthy and all natural that it has only one ingredient, which is the corn alone, no additives and a healthy alternative of drinking coffee. Preparation of corn before roasting is the first step in making our product, roasting, grinding/ pulverizing are the main activities in making corn coffee. Packaging and putting into the storage were done before putting on the distribution channel like our selling area, inner-retail coffee stands as well as supermarkets within our designated market. On this study, corn coffee production started January 2011. Corn was purchased at the average of Php15 per kilo. The sum of 15,600 kilograms of Corn were purchased during 2011 while on 2012 to 2015, 12,480 kilograms of corn were purchased. Also, part of Raw Materials inventories are Packaging Slip and Sticker. 60,000 pcs. were purchased respectively. Around 1% has incurred in transportation cost and other miscellaneous expense. Purchases Return and Allowances is expected to be 1% of Gross Purchases while Purchase Discount will be 2% Net of Freight In. The production of coffee is continuous process thus leaving no goods in progress beginning or ending. This is in line with company’s policy to keep the product fresh and all natural. Sales Return and Allowances is expected to be 1% of Gross Sales. Sales Discount of 2% is given to cash buyers but only 5% of Gross Sales will avail the discount. Operating expenses is divided into 2 category; Distribution Cost and Administrative Cost. For Distribution cost for 2011( % of Gross Sales ); Traveling 1%, Advertising 5%, Delivery 10% and Depreciation expense based on Straight Line Depreciation of 5yrs. For Administrative cost ( % of Gross Sales ); Officers’ Salaries, 3 partners assumed as managing partners with annual salary of 96,000. 00 each. The Pre-operating cost Php 9,454. 00 has been incurred which include DTI registration, Dole registration, BIR Fee, SSS registration, Police Clearance, Barangay Clearance and Business Permit issued by Tarlac City Hall. Office supplies is 10%, Depreciation Expense ( Straight Line Depreciation of 5 yrs. ), Lease Payment ( 40% to Administration ), other expenses is 1%. On socio-economic aspect, we have shown the significance of our business and its contributions to the society. Its share to community and to its people is to create employment and thus improving the standard of living of people in the community. It can also help the community development by way of paying taxes in the government. It is through taxes paid by businesses and individuals that the government funded its projects such as roads, bridges, and community development. Lowering of prices of competitors to compete with the product in order to maintain the customers. We could also help the people in community by utilizing local materials which is very abundant in the province. We can motivate farmers to grow corn and not just corn but corn of good quality. Our business can be the pride of our province since it’s inclined with the program of the Department of Trade and Industry which is the â€Å"One Town One Product†. Lastly, the Le Maiz proponents chose partnership as the form of organization. Aside from the six (6) partners, we will be hiring three (3) employees to help to produce and market the healthy and nutritious coffee. Le Maiz with a mission, to provide coffee drinkers quality products, quality service, affordable prices and a healthy lifestyle. Competent and responsible employees will be hired for the success of the company. The company shall also continue working for innovative and efficient ways of achieving the company’s goals. The company’s vision are to be number one (1) corn coffee in the Philippines; to expand not only in Central Luzon and NCR but throughout the country as well; to build own production and distribution facilities and to adopt new technologies and methodologies. The company decided a hierarchical type of organizational chart. The capitalist partners will act as the general manager and three of the six (6) partners will be managing partners whom will receive monthly salary as well as the three (3) employees. On Administrative Department, the Administrative Officer/ Purchasing Officer will be the crucial person in the organization, he assumes the full control on the organization’s activities and is responsible for all decisions undertaken by the organization, responsible in monitoring and managing the production of corn coffee, counter checks the financial position of the organization, handles all personnel and the daily business activities, purchase ordered and will deliver on time to the production area and hold the budget for purchases of raw materials and shall provide summary or report of the used and unused funds. On Sales Department, the Marketing Officer/ Salesperson is responsible for the all related selling activities, product development, packaging, proposes new ideas for improvement and replacement, communicating with suppliers of materials and know the current trend in the market. For the Inventory Officer, he is responsible in listing down sales, the used materials and finished products. Must be alert, with good communication skills, trustworthy and diligent. The three (3) employees that will work for the company were the Machine Operator, responsible on the control of the machine in producing corn coffee, Packager, for packaging of the finished products and Delivery Man, he will act as the driver and responsible in delivering the finished products to our target markets.

Colonization in Annie John Essay

Martha Lee ENG 92W 4/13/10 In Annie John, the lasting effects of Antigua’s colonization are reflected through Kincaid paralleling her own experiences with those of the West Indian colonies where she has lived. In, Columbus in Chains, the issues of Antiguan colonialism and postcolonial culture are apparent in the text, beginning with Annie’s discussion of the history of slavery in Antigua through Ruth. â€Å"l could see how Ruth felt from looking at her face. Her ancestors had been the masters, while ours had been the salves. She had such a lot to be ashamed of, and by being with us e very day she was always eing reminded† (Kincaid 76). Annie believes that Ruth possesses an innate sense of guilt because black people were once enslaved by white and everyone knew. She pities Ruth knowing that she knows less about the West Indies than them. Through the interaction of these two girls, Kincaid provides an individualized perspective upon the dynamics of life in a colonial state. Annie also briefly comments on the irony of colonization, considering that, â€Å"all of us celebrated Queen Victoria’s birthday, but we, the descendants of slaves, knew quite well what had really happened† (Kincaid 76). The Antiguan children still celebrate even when they are aware that the British once enslaved them. Annie continues on the topic of colonization as she contemplates Columbus who returned to Spain imprisoned in chains. â€Å"King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella had sent [Columbus] back to Spain fettered in chains attached to the bottom of the ship. How I loved this picture†to see the usually triumphant Columbus, brought so low, seated at the bottom of a boat Just watching things go by’ (Kincaid 78). Annie enjoys seeing Columbus brought so low because he returned to Spain in the way that slaves were sent to the Americas. The phrase, â€Å"the great man can go nowhere† (Kincaid 78) resonates so strongly in her mind that she â€Å"[writes] it out with her fountain pen† (Kincaid 78). This act proves to be a heinous crime, that after the discovery by her teacher, Miss Edwards, â€Å"her whole face was on fire. Her eyes were bulging out of her head† (Kincaid 81). Miss Edwards is a representation of the English social order and has defined herself according to the rules of this order. Annie’s action against the discoverer of Antigua’s honor is against Miss Edwards’s system of belief so she refers to Annie’s action as blasphemous. (Kincaid 82). Because Columbus’s importance is essential to the colonial system, Annie’s act not only criticizes him, but also subverts the whole dominant colonial order. For this reason, Miss Edwards sees to it that Annie must be punished. Kincaid’s experiences clearly parallel the experiences of Antigua and it s colonization by its British protectorate. They are reflective of her own memories and feelings towards Antigua’s colonization, and through Annie John’s Journey, gives insight into how a once controlled culture seeks its independence.

Case Studies Of Tea Plantation In Wayanad Environmental Sciences Essay

Case Studies Of Tea Plantation In Wayanad Environmental Sciences Essay Over the past few decades, tea has grown to become one of the most important commodities of India. Tea has become a major commodity in India and is ranked second largest exporter of tea in the world and offers a variety of products from original orthodox to CTC and green tea. Tea is one of the major exporting crops in Kerala. In 2007, the production of tea was 70.287 million kg which accounted for 5.6% of total production in India. The tea is produced in Kerala mainly in Idduki and Wayanad district. The contribution of Wayanad district in tea production in 2007 was 18.8% of total tea production in Kerala while Iddukià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s contribution was 73.3%. After Idduki, Wayanad is the major producer of tea in Kerala. The area under tea production in Kerala constituted about 37137 hectares in 2007 which accounted for 6.4% of total areas under tea growing area in India. Out of this 14.7 production were done in Wayanad district and 74.5% in Idduki district. In the year 2010, the tea production fell by 1.3% over the last year to 966.4 million kg. The tea plantation in Wayanad is done on a very small scale. Most of the organic farming is for coffee. For tea no organic farming is done in Wayanad but good agricultural practices are used which employs limited use of chemicals and pesticides. There are some small cooperatives in Wayanad district where such practices are being adopted. But the production has not been good in last few years. Most of the tea plantations areas are under the ownership of large tea estates like Priyadershi Tea Estate and Arrepatta Meppadi Tea Estate. Tea is a high labor intensive and land intensive plantation crop and requires huge investment. Majority of the farmers are small tea growers and have to depend on large plantations to sell their leaves plucked. Due to fall in prices in last few years, the plantations are under the verge of being lockout. Also the weather condition has not been favoring the tea production. Priyadershi Tea, a g overnment-run estate in Wayanad has been able to increase its production by introducing noon meal for its workers. Under its noon meal scheme it has been feeding mouths of 316 tribal workers, majority being women. The estate was shutdown in 2005 but after being revived in 2007, it has shown improvements in production. Case Study of Organic Farming in Idduki District A local NGO at Idduki district named Peermade Development Society (PDS) which has promoted organic farming in the district has not only confined its contribution at surface level but has provided support in research and technology also. This organization has also provided its aid in research oriented experiments in field of vermiculture and vermicompost. It has set up a modern tea factory. When they introduced organic farming in Idduki district their main objective was to link farmers with markets. The main beneficiaries from this project were small-scale tea producers and their communities. The farming products require timely processing else they lose their worth. Similarly, fresh tea leaves are perishable and must be processed immediately after harvest else they become useless. The market for tea was controlled by big plantations in Idduki area. So, in order to help small-scale farmers with the PDS established consortium that runs its own tea factory and produce organic tea for European markets.

American History - 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American History - 11 - Essay Example †¢ Served as the secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. †¢ On 1st December, 1955, Parks, seated in the ‘black section’ at the back of the bus, refused to give up her seat to a white person †¢ Arrested by the police and fined for violating the segregation law. †¢ Volunteered to let the NAACP use her as a test case to oppose segregation on buses. †¢ Was immediately sacked from her tailoring job with Montgomery Fair. †¢ Became the symbol of the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Civil Rights Movement. †¢ Founded the  Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development in 1987. †¢ Died on 24th October, 2005. 2. ____Martin Luther King, Jr.______ †¢   Baptist minister, preeminent civil-rights activist and orator par excellence. †¢ Born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. †¢ Married Coretta Scott in June 1953 and had four children, Yolanda, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott, and Bernice. â₠¬ ¢ Elected to lead the successful Montgomery bus boycott in December 1955. †¢ Co-founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in January 1957 †¢ Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi, led several non-violent protests to promote civil rights reform. †¢ Led the 1960 â€Å"sit-in† movement in Greensboro and the1963 demonstration in downtown Birmingham. †¢ Led the historic March on Washington on August 28, 1963, which drew more than 200,000 people to the Lincoln Memorial and made his famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. †¢ Instrumental in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Received the Nobel Peace Prize for 1964. Assassinated by  James Earl Ray in Memphis on April 4, 1968 3. ____Malcolm X_____ †¢ Civil Rights Activist,  nationalist leader and charismatic spokesman for the Nation of Islam †¢ Born Malcolm Little in May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska.   †¢ Father’s civil rights activis m led to his harassment and murder by white supremacists. †¢ Dropped out of school at 15 and turned to crime and drugs to finance his extravagant lifestyle †¢ Arrested on charges of larceny and sentenced to ten years in jail in 1946 †¢ Converted to the Nation of Islam and changed his surname to â€Å"X† – a tribute to the unknown name of his African ancestors. †¢ Urged any means, including violence, to fight racism and establish an independent state for black Americans †¢ Married Betty Sanders, a fellow member of the Nation of Islam, in 1958. †¢ Broke away from the Nation of Islam in 1964, converted to traditional Islam, changed name to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz and considered prospects for peaceful resolution to racism. †¢ Assassinated on February 21, 1965, in Manhattan, at the age of 39,  by members of the Nation of Islam.   4. __The Fair Deal________ †¢ Name given to Truman’s domestic program set out in his 1949 Stat e of the Union speech. †¢ Proposed federal initiatives to solve economic and social problems in post-war America. †¢ Envisaged the redistribution of income among all classes. †¢ New civil rights legislation †¢ Federal housing programs †¢ Unemployment insurance benefits †¢ New tax cuts for the poor †¢ Federal funding for education †¢ A federal health care and health insurance program. †¢ Failed as it was blocked by the conservative political coalition   5. ___ Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka ____ †¢ Acknowledged to be one of the greatest US Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century. †¢ Plessy v. Ferguson  (1896) legalized separate but equal school systems for blacks and whites. †¢

Management And Organizational Behaviour Assignment Essay

Management And Organizational Behaviour Assignment - Essay Example A successful leader is one who finds newer ways to find organizational success, influence his subordinates and help them perform their task to achieve the organizational goal. Steve Ballmer has recently introduced cloud computing and he has been very enthusiastic to speak about it to be a technological move to grab new marketing opportunities. Cloud computing has been designed and developed to enable businesses to communicate and do information processing in virtual system with no physical interaction with a computer (Katz, 2011). A leader is one who leads an organization, influences his people, introduces some thing new that is highly important for the success of the organization, brings new strategies to achieve targeted goals, incorporates people, process and technology to better manage the resources and make effective use of available resources for activating organizational success. In recent years, Steve Ballmer has been implementing different and effective strategies to lead th e organization and its people especially to help them get accustomed with the changing business contexts and overcome its complexities. Introducing new ideas and focusing on customer satisfaction were some of very different ideas that identifies the leadership qualities of Steve Ballmer. Jean-Philippe Courtois Jean-Philippe Courtois has been the CEO of Microsoft Europe, Middle East and Africa and the company promoted him to lead its international sales, marketing and other services as the President of Microsoft International and senior vice president of Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft.com, 2005). Jean-Philippe Courtois is the leader and top level manager to handle global sales of Microsoft, marketing and services of... This article stresses that employees like consistency in leadership and they are constantly looking for consistency in the leadership style of their leaders. If a leader adopts mixed leadership styles or he is adopting different leadership strategies at different times, his people will be confused and often they wont be able to get accustomed with the way their leader handles a particular circumstance. Normally, it takes time to a team to study the route and styles their leader follows for different situations. Different organizations have their own particular style of management and leadership. This paper makes a conclusion that leaders make change. Change brings opportunities and helps organizations achieve its goals like gaining sustainable competitive advantages. Both Steve Ballmer and Jean-Philippe Courtois have significant roles in the success of Microsoft especially in its recent years. Steve Ballmer, the CEO of Microsoft and Jean-Philippe Courtois, the president of Microsoft International are very successful leaders who have deeply influenced thousands of employees and other people in the organization. These two leaders were able to transform their vision to reality and therefore they are transformational leaders. They brought newer ideas, they developed visions, they conveyed proper messages to their people and they made change in the organization. They remained very constant with their leadership style and that has been another important element to their leadership success.

The development of business activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The development of business activities - Essay Example One of the major obstacles towards the increase of performance of the firm’s stores across the country seems to be the lack of fair and effective performance appraisal methods and reward systems; despite the fact that the performance appraisal methods should be based on the close cooperation between managers and employees (Falcone et al., 2007, 5) in DIY the level of cooperation among employees of different levels seems to be quite low. In fact, the store managers do not particularly interested in communicating with the employees of the store that is under their supervision – rather they are likely to emphasize on the increase of the profitability of the store – an increase of which they are going to be rewarded – through the Performance Related Pay (PRP) scheme applied to all the firm’s stores across Britain. At a next level, employees in DIY do not participate in the procedures related to the appraisal of their performance – even if their p articipation in the relevant schemes is required – as noted in the study of Harrington (2007, 58) where an emphasis is paid to the importance of performance reviews conducted by employees. It should be noted that no training of employees seems to be included in the firm’s current performance management system; training should be offered to employees and refer not only to the aspects of the firm’s performance management system but also to their skills – aiming to increase the employees’ skills and capabilities; such a training scheme would help towards the improvement of employees’ motivation.

Reviews of the Articles about Global Problems Essay

Reviews of the Articles about Global Problems - Essay Example Soil, which is composed of organic and inorganic components, is an integral part of terrestrial life and many organisms including humans are greatly dependent on this vast resource. The organic or living components which are constituted by thousands of microbes, fungi, nematodes, mites and gophers play a vital role in maintaining soil health and fertility. The organic wastes that are present in the soil are processed by the soil microflora and the resulting nutrients are made available for the plants. Ground water is filtered and cleaned by the soil matter and soil also helps to retain atmospheric dust and other pathogens thereby contributing to cleaner air. Soil is also a major determinant of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Man-made activities such as plowing and soil changes due to erosion and neglect can result in the release of excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in to the atmosphere. Agricultural practices such as tillage can deprive the soil of essential organic nutrients an d the addition of fertilizer chemicals, pesticides and herbicides further deplete the soil nutrients. The large number of concrete layered on top of the soil in urban areas, heavy machines and pollution cause extensive and at times irreversible damages to soil life. The desert conditions in Africa are mainly due to extensive grazing and agriculture which has resulted in degradation of the top soil. The author further adds that unhealthy soil can also cause several human diseases. The increasing global warming poses a great threat to the biodiversity of the soil which can be adversely affected even with the slightest change in temperature and moisture. The author has also included the views of soil experts Eric B. Nelson and Diana H. Wall who respectively believe that soil... The essay "Reviews of the Articles about Global Problems" analyses eight articles by eight different authors about such global problems as like the effect of increasing carbon dioxide quantities on global warming, threats to soil life from globalization and industrialization, the harm of pesticides to the environment and the effect of technological advancements on humanity. For example, the article â€Å"The hidden world under our feet† by Jim Robbins focuses on soil life and the numerous threats that it faces due to globalization and industrialization around the world. Soil, which is composed of organic and inorganic components, is an integral part of terrestrial life and many organisms including humans are greatly dependent on this vast resource. The organic or living components which are constituted by thousands of microbes, fungi, nematodes, mites and gophers play a vital role in maintaining soil health and fertility. Another article â€Å"A Change in temperature† by Justin Gillis analyses the effect of increasing carbon dioxide quantities on global warming. Recent findings suggest that global temperature change is a more slow process and humans would be able to adapt to these changes. The major issue under consideration is about the sensitivity of the climate to increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Earlier in the 19th century, Svante Arrhenius estimated the earth’s average temperature to increase by nine degrees Fahrenheit, though, now it is likely to be between three to eight degrees Fahrenheit.

Athanasius and Arius in light of Nicaea council Research Paper

Athanasius and Arius in light of Nicaea council - Research Paper Example Alexander’s position†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 4.3 The debate results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦10 5.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......11 6.0 Bibliography..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Athanasius and Arius in light of Nicaea council 1.0 Introduction The development of the Trinity doctrine might be said to have been the refi nement’s history of philosophical and terms categories. The proper terminology could be said to have been the primary ecumenical council’s issue of the 4th and 5th centuries, together with the thought precision as well as the philosophical categories that had been used in order to mark the Christological and Trinitarian doctrines. Nicaea council may be said to have the Jesus deity question although might have resulted to a further dissent as regards the divine and human natures of Jesus. The issues may be said to have sprouted within a doctrine’s expression at Chalcedon (Leithart, 426). The impressive debate and thought that swept over the Councils of Chalcedon and Nicaea might have come up with biblically sound and intellectually virtuous doctrines. Bruce F. F. may be noted to express the significance of an accurate language within the respective creeds. From these, it might be crucial to mention that the development of doctrines may require extremely rigorous, intellectual skills together with sound philosophic categories in order to make accurate use of the revelation from God. Thomas Torrance may also have been noted to underscore the significance of making use of intelligent reasoning into theology in order to ensure that God’s rationality spreads its maximal light on the entire area covered by the human knowledge and experience. The fight for clarity as regards thoughts and terms within the orthodoxy expression of Christology and the Trinity may also be said to be characterized by the soundness of its philosophy. The rational doctrines’ development might be considered a considerable example that relates creative interchange between philosophy and theology where both of these doctrines may be said to be equally significant. 1 2. 0Thesis statement This paper would like to review Arius and Athanasius issues in the light of Nicaea Council. In order to have a clear understanding of the context and depth of the happenings, I would like to review two key questions throughout my essay: How can Origen’s view of the relationship between the Incarnate Logos and the supreme God be understood? Athanasius and Arius held different stands on this issue. Which of these stands coheres with the Bible? Which of these stands can present the purpose of God in his salvation offered by His own Son? 3.0 Oregon’s contribution Improper and inefficient exegesis might be said to have been the key cause for the heresies, which arose immediately after the church’s early period. The persons’ plurality’s denial often referred to as Monarchianism within the trinity might be said to have limited its citations only towards the texts which might have taught individuals concerning God’s unity yet neglecting the texts that might have implied his real yet inadequately modal trinity. Arius may be said to have tracked down the second